Olezarsen shows promise for severe hypertriglyceridemia management
Early-phase trial results highlight potential to reduce pancreatitis risk and offer clinicians a new treatment option for high-risk patients.
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02/13/2026
Treatment with olezarsen significantly reduced triglyceride levels and was associated with a lower incidence of acute pancreatitis in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, according to results from the phase 3 CORE-TIMI 72a and CORE2-TIMI 72b trials published January 29, 2026, in The New England Journal of Medicine.
The trials were led by Nicholas A. Marston, MD, MPH, and colleagues from the TIMI Study Group and international collaborators. The studies evaluated monthly olezarsen — an antisense oligonucleotide targeting apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) messenger RNA — in patients with markedly elevated triglyceride levels who are at increased risk for acute pancreatitis. Few therapies have demonstrated both substantial triglyceride reduction and an associated decrease in pancreatitis events in large randomized trials.
Across the two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, olezarsen produced significantly greater reductions in triglyceride levels compared with placebo at six months. Reductions were also observed in apolipoprotein C-III, remnant cholesterol, and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. When pancreatitis events were assessed across both trials, the incidence was lower among patients receiving olezarsen than among those assigned to placebo.
The safety profile was generally consistent with prior experience with apoC-III–targeted therapies. Overall rates of adverse events appeared similar across treatment groups. However, elevations in liver enzyme levels and thrombocytopenia were reported more frequently with the higher dose, and a dose-dependent increase in hepatic fat fraction was observed. The authors noted that these findings warrant monitoring and careful dose selection.
The trials were funded by Ionis Pharmaceuticals. According to the disclosures published with the article in The New England Journal of Medicine, the TIMI Study Group received grant support from the sponsor, and several investigators reported consulting relationships or other financial associations with pharmaceutical companies, including the study sponsor. Full author disclosures are detailed in the published article.
The trials were not designed to determine how olezarsen should be sequenced with existing triglyceride-lowering therapies or to evaluate long-term cardiovascular outcomes. However, the findings provide randomized evidence that targeting apoC-III can substantially reduce triglyceride levels and was associated with fewer episodes of acute pancreatitis in a population at elevated risk.
Further study will help clarify long-term safety, optimal dosing strategies, and how this approach may fit within evolving lipid-management frameworks. The CORE-TIMI 72a and CORE2-TIMI 72b results add to growing evidence supporting apolipoprotein C-III inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in severe hypertriglyceridemia.
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The guidelines emphasize four-hour gastric emptying studies over two-hour testing. How do you see this affecting diagnostic workflows in practice?
Dr. Staller: Moving to a four-hour solid-meal scintigraphy will actually simplify decision-making. The two-hour reads miss a meaningful proportion of delayed emptying; standardizing on four hours reduces false negatives and the “maybe gastroparesis” purgatory that leads to repeat testing. Practically, it means closer coordination with nuclear medicine (longer slots, consistent standardized meal), updating order sets to default to a four-hour protocol, and educating front-line teams so patients arrive appropriately prepped. The payoff is fewer equivocal studies and more confident treatment plans.
Metoclopramide and erythromycin are the only agents conditionally recommended for initial therapy. How does this align with what is being currently prescribed?
Dr. Staller: This largely mirrors real-world practice. Metoclopramide remains the only FDA-approved prokinetic for gastroparesis, and short “pulsed” erythromycin courses are familiar to many of us—recognizing tachyphylaxis limits durability. Our recommendation is “conditional” because the underlying evidence is modest and patient responses are heterogeneous, but it formalizes what many clinicians already do: start with metoclopramide (lowest effective dose, limited duration, counsel on neurologic adverse effects) and reserve erythromycin for targeted use (exacerbations, bridging).
Several agents, including domperidone and prucalopride, received recommendations against first-line use. How will that influence discussions with patients who ask about these therapies?
Dr. Staller: Two points I share with patients: evidence and access/safety. For domperidone, the data quality is mixed, and US access is through an FDA IND mechanism; you’re committing patients to EKG monitoring and a non-trivial administrative lift. For prucalopride, the gastroparesis-specific evidence isn’t strong enough yet to justify first-line use. So, our stance is not “never,” it’s just “not first.” If someone fails or cannot tolerate initial therapy, we can revisit these options through shared decision-making, setting expectations about benefit, monitoring, and off-label use. The guideline language helps clinicians have a transparent, evidence-based conversation at the first visit.
The guidelines suggest reserving procedures like G-POEM and gastric electrical stimulation for refractory cases. In your practice, how do you decide when a patient is “refractory” to medical therapy?
Dr. Staller: I define “refractory” with three anchors.
1. Adequate trials of foundational care: dietary optimization and glycemic control; an antiemetic; and at least one prokinetic at appropriate dose/duration (with intolerance documented if stopped early).
2. Persistent, function-limiting symptoms: ongoing nausea/vomiting, weight loss, dehydration, ER visits/hospitalizations, or malnutrition despite the above—ideally tracked with a validated instrument (e.g., GCSI) plus nutritional metrics.
3. Objective correlation: delayed emptying on a standardized 4-hour solid-meal study that aligns with the clinical picture (and medications that slow emptying addressed).
At that point, referral to a center with procedural expertise for G-POEM or consideration of gastric electrical stimulation becomes appropriate, with multidisciplinary evaluation (GI, nutrition, psychology, and, when needed, surgery).
What role do you see dietary modification and glycemic control playing alongside pharmacologic therapy in light of these recommendations?
Dr. Staller: They’re the bedrock. A small-particle, lower-fat, calorie-dense diet—often leaning on nutrient-rich liquids—can meaningfully reduce symptom burden. Partnering with dietitians early pays dividends. For diabetes, tighter glycemic control can improve gastric emptying and symptoms; I explicitly review medications that can slow emptying (e.g., opioids; consider timing/necessity of GLP-1 receptor agonists) and encourage continuous glucose monitor-informed adjustments. Pharmacotherapy sits on top of those pillars; without them, medications will likely underperform.
The guideline notes “considerable unmet need” in gastroparesis treatment. Where do you think future therapies or research are most urgently needed?
Dr. Staller: I see three major areas.
1. Truly durable prokinetics: agents that improve emptying and symptoms over months, with better safety than legacy options (e.g., next-gen motilin/ghrelin agonists, better-studied 5-HT4 strategies).
2. Endotyping and biomarkers: we need to stop treating all gastroparesis as one disease. Clinical, physiologic, and microbiome/omic signatures that predict who benefits from which therapy (drug vs G-POEM vs GES) would transform care.
3. Patient-centered trials: larger, longer RCTs that prioritize validated symptom and quality-of-life outcomes, include nutritional endpoints, and reflect real-world medication confounders.
Our guideline intentionally highlights these gaps to hopefully catalyze better trials and smarter referral pathways.
Dr. Staller is with the Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.